Self-determination Theory
A psychological theory proposing that humans have three core needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—and thrive when these are satisfied.
A motivational framework developed by psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, positing that psychological well-being and intrinsic motivation depend on satisfying three universal needs: autonomy (feeling in control of one's choices), competence (mastering skills and challenges), and relatedness (belonging and connection with others). The theory explains why external rewards alone don't sustain engagement or happiness.
What this means in real life
A student forced to study a subject by parents may feel resentful and unmotivated; but if given choice in how to learn it, allowed to struggle productively, and encouraged by a supportive teacher, the same student often becomes genuinely engaged and learns more effectively.
What it isn’t
It is not a claim that people are selfish or purely self-interested. The theory actually emphasizes that autonomy includes choosing to help others, and that genuine connection and contribution to community are core human needs, not obstacles to them.
Commonly misused online
Often flattened to 'just let people do whatever they want.' In reality, the theory distinguishes between autonomy (meaningful choice aligned with values) and permissiveness (absence of any structure or guidance), which actually undermines competence and wellbeing.